Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria.

Resumo Introdução: Picnodisostose é uma síndrome autossômica recessiva rara que resulta em um metabolismo ósseo anormal e aumenta a suscetibilidade dos pacientes a desenvolver osteomielite. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de complicações nos maxilares (fraturas e osteomielite), assim como suas características anatomoclínicas e abordagens terapêuticas nos pacientes com picnodisostose. Método: As buscas foram feitas nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs e Cochrane. Foram incluídos relatos de casos ou séries de casos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade de acordo com o PRISMA. Os textos completos de 31 artigos foram analisados. Foram selecionados 20 desses artigos, publicados entre 1969 e 2018, e que descreveram 26 casos de osteomielite em pacientes com picnodisostose. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 37,84 anos; a proporção do sexo masculino para o feminino foi de 1,36:1. A mandíbula foi o local mais afetado (76,9%). A extração dentária foi o principal fator de risco para osteomielite (61,5%), seguida de infecção (26,8%) e fratura mandibular (23,0%). A antibioticoterapia isolada ou associada a algum procedimento cirúrgico foi o tratamento usado na maioria dos casos (80,7%). Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão mostraram que os pacientes com picnodisostose têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver osteomielite dos maxilares após procedimentos cirúrgicos, principalmente na extração dentária, e configura o principal fator de risco para o seu estabelecimento. Além disso, a antibioticoterapia profilática pré e pós-operatória pode prevenir o desenvolvimento de osteomielite em pacientes com picnodisostose.

Abstract Introduction: Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome that provides the abnormal bone metabolism that increases the susceptibility of patients to develop osteomyelitis. Objective: This systematic review was conducted to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of complications in the jaws (fractures and osteomyelitis), as well as their clinicalpathological characteristics and therapeutic approaches in patients with pycnodysostosis. Methods: Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Case reports or case series that met the eligibility criteria according to the PRISMA statement were included. The full texts of 31 articles were retrieved. Twenty of these articles published between 1969 and 2018 were selected, which described 26 cases of osteomyelitis in patients with pycnodysostosis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.84 years; the male-to-female was 1.36:1. The mandible was the most affected site (76.9%). Tooth extraction was the main risk factor for osteomyelitis (61.5%), followed by infection (26.8%) and mandibular fracture (23.0%). Antibiotic therapy alone or combined with some surgical procedure was the treatment used in most cases (80.7%). Conclusion: The findings of this review showed that patients with pycnodysostosis are more likely to develop osteomyelitis of the jaws after surgical procedures, especially tooth extraction which remains the main risk factor for its establishment. In addition, prophylactic antibiotictherapy in the pre- and postoperative periods may prevent the development of osteomyelitis in pycnodysostosis.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of videos on oral lichen planus (OLP) available in YouTube™. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted by searching the video sharing platform YouTube™. Videos aimed at clarifying the etiological and clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis of OLP were included. A total of 481 videos were retrieved and 37 were included in the study according to the selection criteria established. Most of the videos evaluated (86.5%; n = 32) were produced by independent users. The average reliability was 1.8 and quality assessment classified only three videos (8.1%) as having good/excellent quality. A significant correlation was observed between the length of the video analyzed and its quality and reliability (p < 0.05), as well as between the reliability and usefulness of the video (p = 0.03). YouTube™ has become a leading source of information for the general population. However, a significant number of these videos have a low quality. Students, professionals, and healthcare providers must be more actively involved in providing clear, accurate, and reliable evidence-based information in an accessible language in order to enable significant improvement in patient care delivery.